Yes. Android is open source operating system based on the linux kernel, originally not even developed by google until they bought the company originally responsible for its development, and continued it’s development. Anyone could go to read it’s source code, and check if it has trackers of some kind, for the parts that are open source. LineageOS is just one version of android that comes without that stuff. You could also elevate to root access on your phone and delete said software, but it is not as good for security.

However, all stock android comes with lot’s of googles own software preinstalled you necessarily can’t remove + software from phone manufacturer like samsung. Without those, android is pretty alright privacy vice. Bear in mind some core programs like sms messenger, or phone dialer app might not be open source, since google has been making more and more of those proprietary over time.

Alternatives to degoogling android really are just jailbroken iphone or linux phone such as pinephone, which is only for hobbyists and developers more than fully fledged usable phone. Some android phones also lock the bootloader, making it harder to install custom ROMs or root it. I have fairphone 4 that luckily does not have that, although I don’t currently use custom ROM or have rooted it, since I have not had time to look into how to make my banking app authenticator work with those.