(Copying my comment on a similar, older post, because I really want to share this info again since I think it’s fascinating:)
The notion that the early formation of societies was based on security rather than empathy is outdated. Compassion has many evolutionary advantages, especially in primate species where offspring are born vulnerable. It’s clearly evident in other primates who live in groups (or ‘societies’), as a driving force of cooperation and group cohesion.
Those papers are both fascinating reads, and I highly recommend them for a deeper understanding of why and how empathy is crucial to our success as a species.
(For a couple of centuries, the narrative has been humans are warlike and that’s what dominated our development, but that’s simply not true. We’ve been that way for the past couple thousand years, but largely not before that. I’ll leave up to the reader what significant ‘development’ coincided with that shift in our overall behaviour.)
(Copying my comment on a similar, older post, because I really want to share this info again since I think it’s fascinating:)
The notion that the early formation of societies was based on security rather than empathy is outdated. Compassion has many evolutionary advantages, especially in primate species where offspring are born vulnerable. It’s clearly evident in other primates who live in groups (or ‘societies’), as a driving force of cooperation and group cohesion.
Here’s a recent paper (2022) by Penny Spikins, PhD at the University of York, Department of Archaeology, that explores how compassion shaped early human evolution and the formation of societies: The Evolutionary Basis for Human Empathy, Compassion and Generosity.
And here’s another from 2011 by Goetz et al that explores in detail the evolutionary advantages of compassion: Compassion: An Evolutionary Analysis and Empirical Review.
Those papers are both fascinating reads, and I highly recommend them for a deeper understanding of why and how empathy is crucial to our success as a species.
(For a couple of centuries, the narrative has been humans are warlike and that’s what dominated our development, but that’s simply not true. We’ve been that way for the past couple thousand years, but largely not before that. I’ll leave up to the reader what significant ‘development’ coincided with that shift in our overall behaviour.)
Good points, and great articles. Thank you.