“The number of state laws preempting local policies governing transgender rights in the United States has been steadily increasing since 2019, according to newly updated research by the Center for Public Health Law Research at Temple University School of Law.”

“In the latest update, the data show increases in state-level preemption limiting local protections for transgender individuals in three areas over the past five years:

“There were no states in 2019 that used preemption to restrict participation in sports for transgender athletes; there were 26 states five years later at the end of 2024.

“As of December 31, 2024, 12 states had policies that regulated disclosures to parents by education staff related to social transition compared to one state in 2019.”

“As of December 31, 2024, 10 states preempt gender-affirming care. No states preempted gender-affirming care until Arkansas enacted the first ban on gender-affirming care in 2021.”

“‘Preemption is increasingly used as a tool by states to limit the authority of cities, counties, and municipalities across a broad array of issues, interfering with local governments’ ability to meet the needs of their communities,’ said Amy Cook, JD, senior legal program manager at CPHLR and a lead researcher on this project.”

"’More and more, states are wielding preemption to legislate social issues that often target the most vulnerable populations, while also eroding local democracy.’”

“The transgender rights domain saw greater shifts in the landscapes than the other domains tracked in 2024. It has been among the more volatile legal areas captured since the project started tracking that domain in 2019.”