Back to Ted

  • rbesfe
    link
    fedilink
    arrow-up
    96
    arrow-down
    5
    ·
    1 year ago

    “No, stop farming, infant mortality rates are supposed to be over 50%!”

  • PorkRollWobbly@lemmy.ml
    link
    fedilink
    arrow-up
    65
    arrow-down
    10
    ·
    1 year ago

    The farming is okay. Just make sure to discourage anyone from feeling they have some sort of divine ownership over the land. Examples:

    Little Johnny says “This is my land!” Knock that little bugger over and say “it’s mine now.”

    If John says “God has given me this land to carry out his will!” turn that fucker into fertilizer so that he may be of use to society.

    • FastAndBulbous@lemmy.world
      link
      fedilink
      arrow-up
      15
      arrow-down
      8
      ·
      1 year ago

      So if you spend months preparing a harvest, you’d be cool with someone turning up in the night and taking the crops after you’ve done all the hard work? After all the land wouldn’t being to you.

      • ricecake@sh.itjust.works
        link
        fedilink
        arrow-up
        11
        arrow-down
        1
        ·
        1 year ago

        They took more than was fair, so it wouldn’t be fair.

        Group ownership of a resource isn’t in conflict with controlling the resource, or having laws and practices to determine how it’s used.

        Kinda like how we all own Yellowstone park, but no one is free to bottle and carry off all the water from old faithful.

        • FastAndBulbous@lemmy.world
          link
          fedilink
          arrow-up
          3
          arrow-down
          11
          ·
          edit-2
          1 year ago

          So do you think it’s fair for a group of people to raid a farm and pick what they haven’t contributed to growing as long as they take just enough to feed themselves, piggybacking off the work of the farmer? Why should the farmer agree to this?

          Edit: rewrote the question to satisfy people who think asking questions about is somehow combative.

            • FastAndBulbous@lemmy.world
              link
              fedilink
              arrow-up
              2
              arrow-down
              8
              ·
              1 year ago

              Do you have anything to contribute? I’m trying to have an actual discussion about policy.

              I think the profit incentive is important in maximising yield, do you have anything to add to this as to why I may be wrong? Or are you just going to signal me as an other so that others just switch off and get defensive.

              I think it’s kind of ironic that some claim to want the world to see things from their point of view but then immediately attack those who question their views or try to understand. This just suggests to me you’re more about signalling to your in group than growth in ideas and discussion.

              • the_q@lemmy.world
                link
                fedilink
                arrow-up
                7
                arrow-down
                2
                ·
                1 year ago

                What’s to discuss? We live in a society that you’re describing and it’s awful for most people. You defeated yourself.

                • FastAndBulbous@lemmy.world
                  link
                  fedilink
                  arrow-up
                  2
                  arrow-down
                  4
                  ·
                  edit-2
                  1 year ago

                  There is a lot to discuss. I’m discussing about why I think communal style living/economics don’t scale well. You think it does, there are reasons we both have our opinions and maybe we could actually learn from each other rather than you viewing me as someone to be defeated.

          • ricecake@sh.itjust.works
            link
            fedilink
            arrow-up
            5
            arrow-down
            1
            ·
            1 year ago

            “raid” implies non-consent, so no, that’s not fair.

            It’s also not fair for a farmer to find some prime farmland, build a fence around it and say no one else can touch it, and then keep everything it produces to himself, and then call everyone who wasn’t able to claim good land but still wants to eat a thief.

            Why does he get rights to the land just because he said it’s his? That leads to feudalism.

            “Civilization” is about finding balance to what’s fair.
            It’s unfair for people to want something for nothing.
            That extends to people wanting food, and also to the farmer claiming land.
            Some arrangement where the farmer gets to keep his crops, but can’t exclude people from also working the land, with some sort of communal oversight to make sure the land is being worked well seems fair.

            • Zengen@lemmy.world
              link
              fedilink
              arrow-up
              4
              arrow-down
              3
              ·
              1 year ago

              You have an ideological disagreement with private ownership is how im interpretting your stance unless im misunderstanding. However. The idea of these communal structures society wide has died long ago because it simply can’t work inside the framework of how human beings are biologically wired. We are tribal primates, feudal hierarchical structures continue to be proven as inevitable despite all of our best efforts. Even with communism some of the earliest writings out of Russia one of the immediate concerns brought about by Russian revolutionaries was the concern that the class hierarchy in communism begins with the inception of the revolutionary class (those who are organizing and leading the revolution) and without fail thats what happened in every communist state. The revolutionaries took over and the first thing to happen is establishment of class hierarchy just like what happens in capitalist society. Collective agriculture in Russia and in China and in central america and in north korea lead to millions starved to death.

              capitalism is a fucked up system. Rife with exploitation and amorality. But its also the system that has lifted the most people globally out of abject poverty than anything else in human history. It has raised life expectancies higher than ever before seen. It has lowered infant mortality by ridiculous levels. The number of people dying in war is lower than ever.

              You have a government that in its constitution says right in the headline is “to provide for the general welfare” of its citizens. If you want to talk about more fair levels of distribution of essential resources then you utilize your government to negotiate buying food from the farmer and instituting a distribution mechanism for the people. Same reason why in my opinion I believe medicare needs to beable to negotiate with drug companies over prices. There needs to be a middle ground.

              • ricecake@sh.itjust.works
                link
                fedilink
                arrow-up
                2
                ·
                1 year ago

                Yes, you have misinterpreted my position. I’m not opposed to private property. I love having stuff. Stuff is some of my favorite things to have, truth be told.

                I’m opposed to hoarding, and I’m opposed to exploitation.

                If the farmer wants to farm the land and sell the food, I’m all for that. If the land owner wants to have the farmer farm the land, then take all the money from the farmer selling it, keep most of it and pay the farmer just enough to get by, I think that instead the farmer should get that money.

                When your contribution to the process is “I have stuff, so you should give me more”, then I question why you’re needed for the system to function.

            • FastAndBulbous@lemmy.world
              link
              fedilink
              arrow-up
              2
              arrow-down
              1
              ·
              1 year ago

              I agree the word raid was the wrong word to use there

              They don’t just find land and build a fence around it though in the modern era, that’s extremely reductionist. They pay for the privilege to work the land. Society as a whole agree the land is his because of this.

              How do you parse how much belongs to the farmer and how much belongs to the community? I would argue we already have an arrangement like that. Who oversees this and what do they get out of if?

              Most importantly where is the incentive to maximise yield if people are just growing personal crops? What if you want to eat but don’t want to work the land?

              • ricecake@sh.itjust.works
                link
                fedilink
                arrow-up
                3
                arrow-down
                1
                ·
                1 year ago

                You’re moving your goalposts at this point. The original point was literally about people claiming land in a primitive extraction system.
                In the modern era people also don’t just walk up and demand bushels of barely from farmers, so ignoring the entirety of a comment to reply with how changing the context makes it irrelevant is just a bad faith discussion tactic.

                Yes, a modern economic system is hard to develop inside of a single comment. I hope we can at least agree that feudalism is bad, despite it respecting the Lord’s property rights, and also that no one is okay with letting the Saxon horde take all our grain.

                And, to jump straight to your questions about the modern day: I would propose a system where the vast majority of the engines of production would be worker owned, allowing them to select their own management as primary shareholders.
                By merit of existing in society people would be entitled to food, shelter, medicine, a means to better themselves, and the basic dignites of modern life (clothing, the ability to have children, the ability to do more than sit in the floor and stare at the wall).
                Beyond what’s needed to provide these basics, the excess value produced would be given to those that produced it in the form of “currency”, which can be exchanged for “goods” and “services”.

                • FastAndBulbous@lemmy.world
                  link
                  fedilink
                  arrow-up
                  1
                  arrow-down
                  2
                  ·
                  1 year ago

                  I’m aware that’s not how the modern world works,but evidently there are many in this thread who thinks that’s how it should work. I don’t think I’m engaging in bad faith whatsoever, I’m trying to actively address your points.

                  Why should workers own the means of production? What is incentivising them to even create the means of production without profit motive?

                  If workers own the means of production, what would stop them from deciding they’d rather sell said means to a capitalist for a profit?

                  Does every worker have an equal ownership? Does someone who has been working there for 10 years have the same rights as someone who is new? How do you decide this and who is overseeing this? What mechanisms exist to stop the primary shareholders from just assuming control and deciding to pay wages to people instead?

          • Kedly@lemm.ee
            link
            fedilink
            arrow-up
            6
            arrow-down
            2
            ·
            1 year ago

            Sounds like you’re purposely twisting the person you’re responding to’s words to make them sound bad. It just ends up making you sound combative and doesnt further your arguement

            • FastAndBulbous@lemmy.world
              link
              fedilink
              arrow-up
              2
              arrow-down
              1
              ·
              edit-2
              1 year ago

              Not really, I’m just trying to understand their position. It’s not combative to ask pertinent questions.

              • Kedly@lemm.ee
                link
                fedilink
                arrow-up
                1
                ·
                1 year ago

                Its not pertinent questions if you invent a scenario that the person you have questioned have not said they support. Do you think its fair to blame someone for something they did if a person put a loaded gun to their head and told them to do it? (See? My question has NOTHING to do with anything you’ve stated previously)

                • FastAndBulbous@lemmy.world
                  link
                  fedilink
                  arrow-up
                  1
                  arrow-down
                  2
                  ·
                  1 year ago

                  I invented a hypothetical scenario for a thought experiment yes. I don’t think it’s implausible as a scenario in a communal situation. If there is no private farmland property there is nothing to stop people just straight up taking things and abusing the goodwill of the farmer.

  • Small-scale, local farming is where it’s at. Growing a bucket of potatoes on a balcony or helping out at a community garden are small but achievable steps to bring the food closer to us. In addition to sustainability, it promotes knowledge of how to produce our own food and reduces dependence on large-scale monoculture farming.

    It’s nice to walk a few paces and pick up an ingredient for dinner with the satisfaction that you nurtured it. But mainly, I just don’t feel like going to the grocery store as much lol.

    Check out [email protected] :)

    • Camelbeard@lemmy.world
      link
      fedilink
      arrow-up
      10
      arrow-down
      1
      ·
      1 year ago

      I think most of the things you say are true, but small local farming isn’t going to solve world hunger. The bigger a farm gets the more efficient it can operate. The progress we made as a species boils down to how much more efficient we can do stuff.

        • Camelbeard@lemmy.world
          link
          fedilink
          arrow-up
          2
          ·
          edit-2
          1 year ago

          Absolutely, I planted some tomatoes and very spicy peppers. All of them failed (planted in the wrong month I guess). Definitely a learning experience and definitely something I’ll try next summer.

          I really hope the plants survive the winter, but I might have to start from seed again

    • Moghul@lemmy.world
      link
      fedilink
      arrow-up
      8
      ·
      1 year ago

      I do sure wish I had a balcony. I grew peppers and cherry tomatoes on my windowsill a few years in a row but the effort isn’t worth it for an apartment…

      • I feel ya! We work with what we can and if the space you have isn’t feasible, then that’s okay if it simply doesn’t work out.

        That being said, here’s a few options to consider but do what you want. :)

        One option is to grow some herbs since those tend to get pricey and they therefore offer the best bang for your buck. Plus they take up little space. Starting from seeds is the most cost effective (only a couple dollars for 1000s of seeds). Sow them in an empty plastic egg carton, nursery pots, or other upcycled plastic container. Then, you can germinate and grow under grow lights. Don’t bother with “grow light” marketed ones. Just the brightest, whitest generic LED bulb will do. If you run it all day, it’ll only cost a couple cents per month. Then, you can harvest fresh herbs year-round! Lamps can be found for cheap and sometimes free on Facebook marketplace.

        Another option is finding a community garden in your area.

    • vsis@feddit.cl
      link
      fedilink
      English
      arrow-up
      4
      ·
      edit-2
      1 year ago

      I grow tomatoes in my balcony. Constructive and fulfilling activity, love it.

      But I can’t imagine eating like 15 tomatoes per year lol

      • And that’s ok! Nobody expects to live off of a small garden, nor is it feasible for everybody to grow everything they eat.

        It provides many benefits already, such as being a fulfilling activity as you said. It also cuts down on food waste since you can harvest when you eat it and leave it on the plant for a bit longer otherwise. It also reduces trips to the grocery store and reduces emissions of importing food over long distances. Finally, it’s much cheaper if you grow from seed and upcycle plastic containers for planting. Especially if you grow expensive crops like fresh herbs.

      • the_q@lemmy.world
        link
        fedilink
        arrow-up
        1
        arrow-down
        5
        ·
        1 year ago

        God damn you keep showing up here with the dumbest fucking, capitalism teet sucking takes. We get it, you love Elon Musk.

        • FastAndBulbous@lemmy.world
          link
          fedilink
          arrow-up
          4
          arrow-down
          1
          ·
          edit-2
          1 year ago

          Yeah more ad hominem attacks. That’s a really good way to convince someone you’re correct, getting angry and lashing out for the crime of asking questions and trying to foster an open discussion.

          For the record, I detest Elon Musk.

          • the_q@lemmy.world
            link
            fedilink
            arrow-up
            1
            arrow-down
            5
            ·
            1 year ago

            Ah the ol “I’m just asking questions” defense.

            Look, you’re acting under the impression that I’m trying to convince you of something when I know you’re not capable of having your opinion changed because you’re sure you’re right. The Internet is full of people like you. You read an article somewhere or mirror others like you who talk about the proper ways to argue, again with the goal of defending your awful takes instead of entertaining learning new info, but the truth is you just like to argue.

            • FastAndBulbous@lemmy.world
              link
              fedilink
              arrow-up
              3
              arrow-down
              1
              ·
              1 year ago

              Of course I think my current opinions are correct, I wouldn’t hold them otherwise. That doesn’t mean I’m incapable of changing my mind through persuasive argument. Aren’t you also trying to defend your worldview? It’s an excellent tactic for trying to refine to yourself what you actually believe putting your views out there for public scrutiny.

    • bouh@lemmy.world
      link
      fedilink
      arrow-up
      3
      arrow-down
      5
      ·
      1 year ago

      Industrial production of food is not the problem. Capitalism is.

      I mean, good for you if you want to play in a garden with plants, but I don’t want to do that. And this kind of production is not enough to feed everyone.

  • Fleur__@lemmy.world
    link
    fedilink
    arrow-up
    23
    arrow-down
    1
    ·
    1 year ago

    Could’ve been hunting mega fauna with my homies but here I am with depression and anxiety

    • Wogi@lemmy.world
      link
      fedilink
      arrow-up
      16
      ·
      1 year ago

      One theory is that hunting and gathering stopped because the human population exceeded what could be supported by mega fauna, and early peoples had no choice but to settle down and defend what resources they could gather.

      It likely started with semi permanent settlements, simple fortifications that could be returned to year over year, and when it became too difficult to leave again, or when they found themselves unable to return to a location they were expecting to, they settled down permanently.

      But you really can’t go out and hunt when you can’t leave. So they started to depend on agriculture, and what livestock they’d been able to keep with them.

      • TheSanSabaSongbird@lemdro.id
        link
        fedilink
        English
        arrow-up
        2
        ·
        1 year ago

        Right. And then there’s the fact that agriculture is a trap in that once you adopt it you can never go back and anyone nearby who doesn’t adopt it as well will eventually be outcompeted and disappear as a people, or they will be driven into ever more remote and inhospitable environments. None of this requires anything like foresight or intention either.

  • Flughoernchen@feddit.de
    link
    fedilink
    arrow-up
    29
    arrow-down
    10
    ·
    1 year ago

    Farming basically invented work and employment. They should have realized something was not right about that back then.

    • DragonTypeWyvern@literature.cafe
      link
      fedilink
      arrow-up
      84
      arrow-down
      2
      ·
      1 year ago

      It invented having a relatively reliable food surplus.

      I wish I could make all these neoprimitives actually live the life for a week so they shut up forever about it.

      • Coasting0942@reddthat.com
        link
        fedilink
        arrow-up
        33
        ·
        1 year ago

        Practically every single tribe on the planet decided that the odds for farming was better than rolling the dice every year.

        • Krackalot@discuss.tchncs.de
          link
          fedilink
          arrow-up
          22
          ·
          1 year ago

          I think it’s more likely that it was better odds, and those that continued nomadic life died off at a much higher rate.

          • tryptaminev 🇵🇸 🇺🇦 🇪🇺@feddit.de
            link
            fedilink
            arrow-up
            8
            arrow-down
            8
            ·
            1 year ago

            I think both of you are not considering two major aspects:

            Farming can feed more people on a given fertile area than hunting and gathering can.

            Farming is area exclusive, e.g. there is a set amount of people farming in one area and considering this area to be theirs, excluding everyone else from usage.

            It is very much possible, that in terms of providing food for the existing population both are equally viable. But with farming you could create larger more densely packed populations, which in turn provided means to exclude others by force. So while hunting and gathering was not necessarily a bad way of life, it did not allow for imperialism and was subsequently diminished by the imperialists.

              • DragonTypeWyvern@literature.cafe
                link
                fedilink
                arrow-up
                9
                arrow-down
                1
                ·
                1 year ago

                Man’s never heard of the Mongols, Turks, Huns, etc etc etc.

                Whose lifestyles only worked because they could trade for food and goods from farming communities btw

                • tryptaminev 🇵🇸 🇺🇦 🇪🇺@feddit.de
                  link
                  fedilink
                  arrow-up
                  4
                  arrow-down
                  1
                  ·
                  1 year ago

                  And they existed about 2000-1000 years ago. Humans started settling and farming as far back as 10.000-12.000 years ago.

                  Of course by then populations have increased tremendously. But in the spirit of the meme that probably wasn’t the best overall course of action, was it?

            • bouh@lemmy.world
              link
              fedilink
              arrow-up
              4
              ·
              1 year ago

              Hunting and gathering wasn’t peace and love. There were wars and resources access problems already. Farming is simply much more efficient. Hunting can only feed people until you reach the natural reproduction of the animals. Same for gathering and plants. Domestication and farming is the process of increasing the volume of food you can have access too. Thus you can feed more people more reliably and with less space.

              Human population on earth is directly linked to food access.

              • tryptaminev 🇵🇸 🇺🇦 🇪🇺@feddit.de
                link
                fedilink
                arrow-up
                2
                arrow-down
                2
                ·
                1 year ago

                I totally agree. Thats why i made the argument “for an existing population”. In order to support a growing population changing to farming was the right choice. But not all populations had the ambition or necessity to grow, as we see with many indigenous people that survived quite well until being met with expanding settler societies.

                So hunting and gathering wasnt necessarily an inferior lifestyle in terms of running a stable society. Qnd in the long haul it is very much possible that humanities growth leads to its downfall so severely, that a nomadic lifestyle will reemerge as it tends to be more environmentally sustainable.

            • decisivelyhoodnoises@sh.itjust.works
              link
              fedilink
              arrow-up
              3
              arrow-down
              1
              ·
              1 year ago

              So while hunting and gathering was not necessarily a bad way of life, it did not allow for imperialism and was subsequently diminished by the imperialists.

              Have you seen nowadays how they fish? They destroy whole huge areas leaving no fish behind. This is a type of imperialism. The problem is capitalism in its nature

              • tryptaminev 🇵🇸 🇺🇦 🇪🇺@feddit.de
                link
                fedilink
                arrow-up
                3
                arrow-down
                1
                ·
                1 year ago

                And for that kind of fishing you need large vessels, built in stationary warfts, using stationary ports. The materials are made in stationary complex apparatusses to extract and shape metals from ore and the ore is mined in stationary mines.

                All of this is only possible as a result of settling

                • decisivelyhoodnoises@sh.itjust.works
                  link
                  fedilink
                  arrow-up
                  1
                  arrow-down
                  1
                  ·
                  1 year ago

                  Sure. So your idea is that people should be mandated to travel and change places every X years? Or what? I don’t get it.

                  Isn’t the problem the disproportionate accumulation of goods, resources and money? AKA capitalism? I mean theoretically, if you restrict these, you can also settle in one place without taking advantage and destroying everything around it.

      • ikidd@lemmy.world
        link
        fedilink
        English
        arrow-up
        3
        ·
        1 year ago

        I wish I could get them to come to an actual farm and realize we aren’t trying to kill them or ruin the world.

      • the_q@lemmy.world
        link
        fedilink
        arrow-up
        2
        arrow-down
        5
        ·
        1 year ago

        We have more food than we know what to do with and people are still starving. Growing your own food provides a reward someone like you not only can’t experience, but if you did you wouldn’t be able to understand it.

    • GigglyBobble@kbin.social
      link
      fedilink
      arrow-up
      32
      ·
      1 year ago

      Right, because hunting and gathering isn’t work. People just got food into their mouths doing nothing - like wild animals.

      • Flughoernchen@feddit.de
        link
        fedilink
        arrow-up
        7
        arrow-down
        19
        ·
        1 year ago

        There’s a difference between working for your own and your communities good and working for someone else while not being allowed to keep your (fair share of) product/profit.

        • Provoked Gamer
          link
          fedilink
          arrow-up
          37
          ·
          1 year ago

          That’s not how farming started though. They started farming so that they can feed themselves and their community. It eventually devolved into that, but it’s not how it started.

        • KaleDaddy@beehaw.org
          link
          fedilink
          arrow-up
          1
          ·
          1 year ago

          Early farming would have been communally owned land. But hunter gatherer life was not remotely as relaxed as dudes on yhe Internet would make it seem

          I mean an-prim is like the dumbest ideology ever unless you actually think 50+% infant mortality and everyone who needs glasses being unable to survive is cool.

        • lolcatnip@reddthat.com
          link
          fedilink
          English
          arrow-up
          3
          ·
          1 year ago

          Wealth inequality trends to increase over time. Without some system that actively redistributes wealth, eventually a few people own everything of value, and ordinary people are obligated to do whatever the lords want in order to gain access to the material resources they need to survive. That’s feudalism.

          • Zengen@lemmy.world
            link
            fedilink
            arrow-up
            1
            ·
            1 year ago

            Can you name me one single time in human history that this wasn’t just the condition of the human race? Every time humans try to institute a wealth redistribution mechanism it becomes corrupted in less than 70 years and it just becomes feudalism again where the people are impoverished and starving and the only people living well are state officials lol

            • lolcatnip@reddthat.com
              link
              fedilink
              English
              arrow-up
              1
              ·
              1 year ago

              Every pre-agricultural society? I’m not saying they didn’t have their own problems, but feudalism wasn’t one of them.

            • TheSanSabaSongbird@lemdro.id
              link
              fedilink
              English
              arrow-up
              1
              ·
              1 year ago

              Small scale hunting and gathering societies are universally egalitarian because it’s impossible for any one person to accumulate significant wealth or to control resources. The way members of such societies gain influence therefore is through virtue and personal merit. This is the social system that we evolved to live in over hundreds of thousands of years, and it’s why we still haven’t figured out an equally amenable replacement in the mere ten thousand years since we adopted agriculture.

              That said, for better or worse, agriculture is a trap, and once we adopted it, there was never any going back, so we have no choice but to keep trying with what we have.

      • Jax@sh.itjust.works
        link
        fedilink
        arrow-up
        2
        arrow-down
        7
        ·
        1 year ago

        Were I not lazy, I’d be willing to bet if I sift through their comments that I’d find something about landlords being bad.

          • Jax@sh.itjust.works
            link
            fedilink
            arrow-up
            5
            arrow-down
            7
            ·
            edit-2
            1 year ago

            Well, utilizing a little thing called “context clues” you can see that I’m very clearly not talking about the person I’m responding to. I’m talking about the person claiming private ownership would be better.

            My point, is the hypocrisy. But I get it, over half of America reads below a 6th grade level. Ya’ll need help getting there.

  • bouh@lemmy.world
    link
    fedilink
    arrow-up
    27
    arrow-down
    11
    ·
    1 year ago

    I find it so funny that these plastic and credit score are a problem since like 50 years but somehow farming and civilization would be responsible for it. Like capitalism is the only outcome for civilization. It’s scary how people are conditioned with this.

    • TheSanSabaSongbird@lemdro.id
      link
      fedilink
      English
      arrow-up
      5
      ·
      1 year ago

      I would argue the opposite; that semi-agricultural societies --pre-columbian California is a good example-- had no way of knowing where an increasing reliance on predictable harvests would eventually take them.

  • cro_magnon_gilf@sopuli.xyz
    link
    fedilink
    arrow-up
    10
    arrow-down
    3
    ·
    1 year ago

    No! You’re looking at this the wrong way. Bisophenol A is the most affordable gender affirmation therapy in existance.

  • etuomaala@sopuli.xyz
    link
    fedilink
    arrow-up
    6
    arrow-down
    1
    ·
    1 year ago

    Do you think it is possible for our current level of scientific knowledge to exist in a hunter gather society?

  • Match!!@pawb.social
    link
    fedilink
    English
    arrow-up
    5
    ·
    1 year ago

    that’s stilt houses and rice terracing. those people are gonna invent rectangular sails and fire pistons