I’ve never ripped CDs or DVDs before for any reason and am curious how this works since I have some stuff I wanna see about backing up but am nervous about ruining the disc. I’ve tried looking this up, but every time I do, I obviously am searching for the wrong thing because I have never found the info I’m looking for.
So it just copies the disc in a similar way if you had just accessed it normally. Except you’re accessing every bit on the disc.
Mind you some discs have copy protection that will interfere with your efforts. That’ll require you to research the specific thing you’re copying more carefully if you encounter that. This is fairly ubiquitous with commerical videos and software.
Audio discs are fairly easy to do though and a lot of tools have that feature available. Such as windows media player and iTunes. I would recommend targeting 192khz MP3 if you use those.
There are better methods available but I’m just describing tools you likely already have.
It’s important to stress that there are foss (free and open source) tools available for all of this and you shouldn’t need to pay anything for them. But I need to respect the rules of this space and not discuss them further.
I’ve seen the shiny surface of the disc change after copying but it appears harmless. (I think it was a problem with my cd drive but I’ve not looked into it.)
CDs don’t have any copy protection other than the Sony rootkit mess, which they got sued over and had recall the infected discs. The copy protection on DVDs is automatically bypassed by software like Handbrake and generally not an issue.
Blurays require non free software such as MakeMKV to rip and UHD blurays need specific drives with modified firmware.