H2 makes the best long term electrical storage, because not only is it more efficient than other cheap alternatives, it can be even more efficient with heat use, and it is economically transportable/exportable and so is not capped by utilization/capacity constraints.
heat storage is extremely useful for complementing winter solar in low winter sun places. Including at small scale. Hydronic floor heating is most efficient use of heat. Heat pumps can very efficiently gain 30C of temperature gain. Sand and construction waste box with water pipes, and heat resistors, flowing through it, can store heat well above 100C that water doesn’t ineffienctly. 2000 liters of just water is sufficient in most locations with a fireplace or EV backup, but sand/dirt/gypsum of 500L to 1000L significantly boosts resilence and heat capacity.
H2 makes the best long term electrical storage, because not only is it more efficient than other cheap alternatives, it can be even more efficient with heat use, and it is economically transportable/exportable and so is not capped by utilization/capacity constraints.
heat storage is extremely useful for complementing winter solar in low winter sun places. Including at small scale. Hydronic floor heating is most efficient use of heat. Heat pumps can very efficiently gain 30C of temperature gain. Sand and construction waste box with water pipes, and heat resistors, flowing through it, can store heat well above 100C that water doesn’t ineffienctly. 2000 liters of just water is sufficient in most locations with a fireplace or EV backup, but sand/dirt/gypsum of 500L to 1000L significantly boosts resilence and heat capacity.