Stirrups had been invented before the Mongol invasion, but they were not in widespread use in Europe. The Mongols had other advantages, including tactics, that gave them a decisive advantage.
The other reason that the Mongols became less invincible, of course, is that their enemies learned to use their tactics and equipment.
Stirrups had been invented before the Mongol invasion, but they were not in widespread use in Europe. The Mongols had other advantages, including tactics, that gave them a decisive advantage.
The other reason that the Mongols became less invincible, of course, is that their enemies learned to use their tactics and equipment.
Europe was at the ass-end of the Mongol conquest, not one of the main theatres.
The stirrup was absolutely in use in Europe by the time of the Mongol Invasion, and had been widespread for some 400 years at that point.